Esferas

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Esferas
por Nozomi
Tipo	Divisas
Mundo de origen	Roshar
Universo de origen	Cosmere

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Las esferas son la divisa principal en la mayoría de las naciones en Roshar. Cada una consiste de una gema encerrada en una cuenta de vidrio. Las gemas, incluyendo las que están en las esferas, pueden mantener Investidura temporalmente, ofreciendo tanto una fuente de luz como un combustible para la Potenciación. Como todas las gemas, las esferas filtran naturalemente la Luz tormentosa que han absorbido, a lo largo de un periodo de una semana Roshariana. Esto ha llevado a la práctica de dejar las esferas fuera durante las altas tormentas para que se recarguen. Los rosharianos usan los términos infusa y opaca para diferenciar entre esferas que tienen Luz tormentosa en ese momento, y las que se han apagado. Se idearon inicialmente como una alternativa a las grandes llamas al aire libre, ya que la atmósfera de Roshar tiene un alto contenido en oxígeno, haciendo que las llamas se comporten de diferente manera.

Apariencia

Medidas de las gemas de esferas
Denominación	Masa (kilates, kt)	Masa (miligramos, mg)	Diámetro (milímetros, mm)
Chip	0.1	20	3
Marco	0.5	100	5
Broam	2.0	400	8
Los kivs parecen ser una medida de peso de las gemas en Roshar. Como otras unidades de medida en el mundo, no están bien definidas. Medidas de la vida real se usarán aquí por claridad.

Cada esfera está hecha de una pequeña gema encerrada en una cuenta de vidrio que usualmente se aplana por un lado para evitar que la esfera ruede cuando se deja. La gema puede ser de cualquiera de las diez Piedrabases y puede venir en uno de los tres tamaños diferentes. La cuenta de vidrio siempre tiene un tamaño uniforme, un poco más grande que la uña del pulgar de la mano.

Las medidas exactas para las cuentas de cristal o la gema encerrada no están disponibles, pero se pueden deducir de los pesos conocidos de cada gema de denominación. Las gemas de las esferas vienen en tres tamaños diferentes (ver #Divisas para más información), así que tomando la más grande (la del broam) permite unas estimaciones razonables. La gema del broam tiene sobre 8mm de diámetro, asumiendo un corte redondo y uniforme. La distancia entre la punta del pulgar y su primera falange es de alrededor de 25.4mm, con la uña siendo más o menos la mitad de eso, así que una uña de 12mm es razonable. El comentario de Shallan sobre las esferas siendo un poco más grandes que la uña del pulgar de una persona sugiere que las esferas están en el intervalo entre 15mm y 20mm de diámetro.

La tabla a la izquierda presenta la masa y diámetro de las gemas en cada denominación, asumiendo un corte redondo y uniforme.

Luz

Spherelight colors
Tipo de gema	Color
Zafiro	Azul oscuro
Cuarzo ahumado	Gris
Rubí	Rojo oscuro
Diamante	Blanco
Esmeralda	Verde oscuro
Granate	Granate
Zircón	Verde azulado oscuro
Amatista	Violeta
Topaz	Naranja
Heliodoro	Amarillo

Posiblemente la forma de uso más común de las esferas es como fuente de luz. Como las gemas dentro de ellas tienen la habilidad de mantener la Luz tormentosa, muchos rosharianos adoptaron el hábito de dejar sus esferas fuera durante las altas tormentas (en jaulas o cestas, para que ni se pierdan ni se roben) para que puedan ser (re)cargadas. Como las altas tormentas, los Potenciadores también pueden recargar las esferas, similar a cómo los Despertadores pueden guardar sus Alientos en objetos; el Potenciador debe estar Investido, y entonces pueden legar una parte de su Luz tormentosa a una gema o esfera. Sin embargo, las esferas son contenedores filtrantes de Luz tormentosa (a diferencia de las gemas perfectas), perdiendo lentamente su Luz tormentosa en un proceso parecido a la evaporación. Lleva varios días que una esfera recién infundida pierda toda su Luz tormentosa y se opaque, aunque este tiempo varía un poco con la denominación de las esferas.

Debido a esta propiedad de las gemas, las esferas infusas sirven a menudo como reemplazo de otras, más tradicionales fuentes de luz, como velas o faroles. Como la luz de esfera es más estable y consistente, así como prácticamente infinitamente recargable, es fácil ver cómo la gente que tiene acceso a ellas se considera a sí misma como superior. La cantidad de luz que una esfera emite varía con la denominación: los chips apenas brillan, los marcos brillan casi tanto como una vela, y los broams brillan tanto como varias velas. El color de la luz de esfera también cambia predeciblemente dependiendo del tipo de esfera (las esmeraldas brilla con luz verde, los rubíes roja, etc). Notablemente, la luz de esfera de los diamantes se considera como la mejor para la lectura, ya que no solo es la más parecida a la luz natural, también es la gema más barata. Toda la luz de esfera, aunque firme y calmada, es solo así en comparación con la más temblorosa luz de una vela; Kaladin observa que la Luz tormentosa dentro de las esferas en realidad cambia caóticamente, como el patrón de una tormenta.

Due to this property of gemstones, infused spheres often serve as a replacement for other, more traditional light sources, such as candles and lanterns. Given that spherelight is both steadier and more consistent, as well as being practically infinitely renewable, it is easy to see how people with access to spheres would consider them superior. The amount of light a sphere gives off varies with the denomination: chips barely have any glow at all, marks glow almost as bright as a candle, and broams glow with the light of several candles. The color of the spherelight also changes predictably from sphere type to sphere type - emeralds glow green, rubies red, and so on. Notably, spherelight from diamonds is considered best for reading, as it is not only closest to natural light, it is also the cheapest gemstone. All spherelight, although reputably steady and calm, is only so in comparison to the even more flickering candlelight; Kaladin observes that the Stormlight inside spheres is actually chaotically shifting, much like a blowing storm.

Although spheres are generally a superior source of light, many people, especially those less well-off or living in poorer regions, still use candles or lanterns. Using candles and lanterns is often cheaper than using spheres, since a sphere's dual status as currency makes it liable to be stolen. This problem does not exist for wealthy or noble lighteyes who may use all-sphere lighting either as a practical matter or to show off their wealth. For example, the entirety of Kharbranth's royal treasury is stored in the Palanaeum to be used as a source of light for the visitors and staff.

The table to the right lists all ten sphere types along with the spherelight color they emit.

por Nozomi

A variety of gemstones and spheres

Divisas

The monetary value of each sphere is a direct consequence of causes both mundane (the size of the sphere's gemstone) and arcane (the Soulcasting properties of each gem type). The gem size defines the denomination of the sphere. From smallest to largest, these are chip, mark, and broam. The gem type is applied as a qualifier to the denomination (e.g. diamond chip, or emerald broam) to form the thirty different monetary units of Roshar.

One property of Rosharan spheres that does not affect their value is whether they are infused or dun. However, since the glow from the Stormlight is the easiest way to prove that a sphere is not a counterfeit, people are sometimes suspicious of dun spheres and those who try to spend them. Merchants with access to the proper equipment may inspect the gem quality of dun spheres to ensure their authenticity, or call for a moneychanger. Moneychangers serve an additional purpose in Rosharan societies, and that is to offer infused spheres in exchange for dun ones, since an established moneychanger usually has access to secure nests they can safely recharge spheres in. They can extend this service to people interested in recharging their own spheres safely, though this comes with a small convenience fee.

The dominance of spheres throughout Eastern Roshar is slightly weaker in the West. The Tashikki, for example, still use spheres, but instead of carrying them in pouches, they drill holes in the glass beads and keep them on long strings. People even farther west don't even bother with spheres, but use chips of gemstones instead, though they are sometimes encased in hunks of glass.

For details about using spheres as a currency in Shadesmar, see Shadesmar Currency.

Value

The economic value of each sphere is determined by the type and size of its gemstone.

The gem size defines the three denominations of spheres (chip, mark, and broam), and therefore a fixed exchange rate between the different denominations of spheres of the same type. Within the same gem type, each broam is equivalent to four marks, and each mark is equivalent to five chips - making a broam equal to twenty chips.

The gem type is a little more complicated. The value of each type of sphere - and, therefore, the relative values of all types - is intrinsically tied to how valuable the given gemstone is in Soulcasting. This makes emeralds -- which can be used to Soulcast grain -- the most expensive kind of spheres, while diamonds are the cheapest. The rest of the sphere types, however, do not all have unique values; instead, they fall within one of three tiers: prime pair, middle weight, and less weight. Combined with the emerald and diamond spheres, this establishes a system with five distinct value tiers. The table below outlines the five tiers, lists the sphere types within each tier, and provides their monetary value expressed in diamond chips, the smallest denomination of the least valued gemstone.

Sphere values
Tier	Value (chip)	Value (mark)	Value (broam)	Spheres
Cheapest	1	5	20	Diamond
Less weight	5	25	100	Garnet, heliodor, topaz
Middle weight	10	50	200	Ruby, smokestone, zircon
Prime pair	25	125	500	Amethyst, sapphire
Highest	50	250	1000	Emerald

Ends

Glass spheres that do not contain a gemstone are known as ends. They serve as fake money that can be used to play wagering games such as pieces if the players do not wish to risk real spheres.

Investiture

As useful as spheres are in the everyday life of most Rosharans, their property of holding Investiture in the form of Stormlight is especially useful to a couple of very specific groups of people - Surgebinders and denizens of Shadesmar.

Surgebinders

For Surgebinders - including both pre-Recreance Knights Radiant and Dalinar's newly restored Orders, as well as wielders of Honorblades such as Szeth prior to his death - the spheres, much like ordinary gemstones, act as a portable, convenient, and inconspicuous source of Stormlight to power their abilities. Because of this, Surgebinders often carry pouches full of infused spheres, although if they find themselves in a situation where their own spheres are unavailable, inaccessible, or dun, they are often able to make use of spheres frequently found in the environment.

In the days after Kaladin's promotion to a captain in Dalinar's army, Sigzil attempts to establish a baseline for how efficient Kaladin's use of a Full Lashing is by measuring the amount of time it takes for a Lashing powered by the Stormlight from a single diamond chip to run out, first with Rock hanging from a stone lashed to the wall (20 seconds), then by a stone lashed without an attached weight (about 87-91 seconds). Sigzil admits, however, that without a clock to track time or a way to quantify variations in how much Stormlight is in a sphere, that these measurements are imprecise. Since arriving in Urithiru, he has continued to attempt precision measurements of Surgebinding, though it is unclear how far he has gotten.

Shadesmar Currency

Similarly to how spheres have become the dominant currency in the Physical Realm of Roshar, they have become prevalent in its Cognitive Realm as well - though for slightly different reasons. In the Physical Realm the value of each sphere is determined primarily by the economic value of its gemstone, as it relates to Soulcasting. In Shadesmar, however, the real currency is the Stormlight, and spheres become only as valuable as the amount of Stormlight they hold at the moment of the transaction. Presumably out of convenience, prices are still communicated in terms of the sphere denominations defined in the Physical Realm, but the gemstone type becomes irrelevant; a freshly infused diamond mark has the same value in Shadesmar as a freshly infused emerald mark - they are both "one mark of Stormlight," even though in the Physical Realm emeralds are fifty times more expensive than diamonds.

For reasons not yet known, Stormlight fades more quickly in Shadesmar than it does in the Physical Realm, which has led to the development of alternative ways of transporting and transferring Stormlight. The moneychangers in Celebrant, for example, have devices they can use to transfer Stormlight from regular spheres and gemstones into their perfect gems (where it won't fade). In return, they give out notes of exchange, which can be spent like credits within the city's limits. The Rii Oracle possesses a device similar to what the Celebrant moneychangers use, but Captain Ico calls it "foreign technology."

Neither the full breadth nor depth of the usefulness of Stormlight in Shadesmar is currently known, but it appears to be even more valuable there than it is in the Physical Realm. While it can serve as a regular currency, exchanged for items as mundane as clothes and as exotic as a painting from Nalthis' Court of Gods, it can also help spren change appearance, though perhaps most importantly, it can aid in manifesting souls -- a skill that seems invaluable for the survival in Shadesmar.

Informal Names

Spheres are formally described by their gemstone and denomination. However, in everyday conversations, they are sometimes referred to by color. For example, a ruby mark may be called a "firemark" (and a ruby chip - "firechip"), while a diamond chip may be a "clearchip." Below is the list of known alternate names. Note that the table assumes a common prefix - i.e. while both diamond chips and diamond marks are confirmed to have the clearchip and clearmark shorthand notations, the only confirmed garnet shorthand is the bloodmark; the table simply assumes that a garnet chip would follow a similar naming pattern and be called a bloodchip. It is unknown whether broams get informal names similar to the lesser denominations'.

Informal names
Gemstone	Chip	Mark
Diamond	Clearchip	Clearmark
Garnet	Bloodchip	Bloodmark
Ruby	Firechip	Firemark
Sapphire	Skychip	Skymark

Notes

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